What is Type 1 and Type 2 connector

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular as a sustainable alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. However, charging infrastructure is still a major concern for prospective EV owners. One of the key components of an EV charging system is the connector, which enables the transfer of power between the charging station and the vehicle. In this article, we will explore the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 connectors, their functionalities, and their usage in different regions.

Type 1 Connector

The Type 1 connector, also known as the SAE J1772 connector, is widely used in North America and Japan. It features a five-pin configuration, with two pins for power supply (L1 and N), two pins for communication (CP and PP), and one pin for ground (PE). The power supply pins provide alternating current (AC) electricity to charge the vehicle's battery, while the communication pins enable data exchange between the vehicle and the charging station. This two-way communication allows for various functionalities, such as authentication, monitoring, and control of the charging process.

The Type 1 connector has a maximum charging power of 7.4 kW, which translates into approximately 25 miles of range per hour of charging. While this charging speed is sufficient for daily commuting and overnight charging, it may not be ideal for long-distance travel or fast charging requirements. However, it is worth noting that most electric vehicles equipped with a Type 1 connector also support DC fast charging through a separate CHAdeMO or CCS connector, which provides significantly higher charging power.

Type 2 Connector

The Type 2 connector, formally known as the IEC 62196-2 connector, is commonly used in Europe and is gaining popularity in other regions as well. It features a seven-pin configuration, with three pins for power supply (L1, L2, and N), two pins for communication (CP and PP), one pin for ground (PE), and an additional pin for auxiliary functions (S). The inclusion of additional power supply pins enables the Type 2 connector to support three-phase AC charging, offering higher charging power compared to the Type 1 connector.

The Type 2 connector allows for charging power ranging from 3.7 kW to 22 kW on single-phase power, and up to 43 kW or even higher on three-phase power. This translates into significantly faster charging times and makes the Type 2 connector suitable for various charging needs, including both regular daily use and long-distance travel. In addition, the Type 2 connector can also support DC fast charging through the Combined Charging System (CCS) standard, which combines AC and DC charging capabilities in a single connector.

Usage and Compatibility

Understanding the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 connectors is essential for EV owners, as it determines the compatibility with different charging infrastructure and impacts their charging experience. While Type 1 connectors are predominantly used in North America and Japan, Type 2 connectors are becoming the standard in most parts of Europe and are being increasingly adopted worldwide.

It is worth noting that many modern electric vehicles are equipped with dual charging ports, allowing them to be compatible with both Type 1 and Type 2 connectors. This provides flexibility for EV owners, enabling them to utilize different charging stations and infrastructure depending on their location and travel requirements.

In conclusion, the Type 1 and Type 2 connectors play a crucial role in enabling the charging of electric vehicles. While Type 1 is widely used in North America and Japan, Type 2 is gaining prominence in Europe and beyond. Understanding the differences and compatibility of these connectors is vital for individuals considering purchasing an electric vehicle, ensuring a seamless charging experience and access to a growing network of charging infrastructure.