What is the difference between ASTM E119 and NFPA 285?

The Purpose of ASTM E119

ASTM E119 is a standard test method that is used to evaluate the fire resistance of various building assemblies, such as walls, floors, and roofs. This test measures the ability of these assemblies to withstand exposure to fire for a specified period of time while maintaining their structural integrity. The primary goal of ASTM E119 is to ensure the safety of occupants and limit the spread of fire within a building.

The Purpose of NFPA 285

NFPA 285, on the other hand, is a standard test method specifically designed to evaluate the fire propagation characteristics of exterior non-loadbearing wall assemblies. The focus of this test is to assess the performance of these wall assemblies when subjected to a fire originating from the exterior of a building. The main objective of NFPA 285 is to prevent the vertical spread of fire along the exterior surfaces of buildings.

Differences in Testing Procedures

One significant difference between ASTM E119 and NFPA 285 lies in their testing procedures. ASTM E119 involves subjecting building assemblies to a predetermined time-temperature curve under controlled conditions. The test evaluates the ability of the assembly to resist fire spread and maintain its load-bearing capacity during the entire duration of the test. On the other hand, NFPA 285 tests specific wall assemblies by exposing them to a fire source located at the bottom of the wall. This test assesses the potential for fire propagation vertically along the height of the wall assembly.

Applications in Building Codes

ASTM E119 and NFPA 285 are both referenced in building codes and standards. However, their applications differ depending on the intended use of the building assembly. ASTM E119 is commonly used to determine the fire resistance rating of structural elements, such as walls separating different occupancy types. NFPA 285, on the other hand, is typically required for buildings that utilize combustible materials in their exterior wall construction or are located near property lines.

In conclusion, ASTM E119 and NFPA 285 serve unique purposes in evaluating the fire resistance and fire propagation characteristics of building assemblies. While ASTM E119 focuses on overall fire resistance and structural integrity, NFPA 285 targets exterior non-loadbearing wall assemblies specifically for preventing vertical fire spread. Understanding these differences is essential for ensuring compliance with building codes and maximizing fire safety in a variety of building designs.